Mary Whiton Calkins (/ ˈ k ɔː l k ɪ n z, ˈ k æ l-/; 30 March 1863 – 26 February 1930) was an American philosopher and psychologist.As a psychologist, she taught at Wellesley College for many years and conducted research on dreams and memory. CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2020 (, "Biography of Applied Psychologist Hugo Münsterberg", Green, Christopher. "On the Witness Stand: Essays on Psychology and Crime. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1913, p. 30. Kindle Store . lecturer. Münsterberg eventually became Wundt's research assistant. This led him to the development of forensic psychology. [1] Even if he was later known for his German nationalism, Hugo’s family was actually Jewish,[2] a heritage he didn’t feel connection with and would barely ever manifest publicly. He tried to talk about the inaccurate stereotypes held by both the Germans and Americans. Because of his work in applied psychology, Münsterberg was well known to the public, academic world, and scientific community. [15] There are also similarities between James's theory of emotion and Münsterberg's analysis of voluntary behavior. His father, Mortiz, was a lumber merchant and his mother Anna, an artist. While at Harvard, Münsterberg's career was going very well. He remained at Harvard as a professor of experimental psychology and director of the Psychological Laboratory until his sudden death, possibly by stress, in 1916 while he was on a lecture platform. He received his Ph.D. in physiological psychology in 1885 under Wundt's supervision at the age of 22. Fearing a patriotic response to overt support of the German Empire would undermine his own more covert approach, he condemned the forming of an alien party within the United States as "a crime against the spirit of true Americanism" and said that its results would reach far beyond the time of the war. He also applied psychological principles to the field of clinical psychology attempting to help those who are ill through a variety of different treatments. "[42] Münsterberg believes that these early vocational counselors point towards the spirit of the modern tendency toward applied psychology, and that the goal can only be reached through exact, scientific, experimental research, "and that the mere naïve methods—for instance, the filling-out of questionnaires which may be quite useful in the first approach—cannot be sufficient for a real, persistent furtherance of economic life and of the masses who seek their vocations. Münsterberg, Hugo. "[16] Whereas for Münsterberg "the feeling of willful actions results from an awareness of covert behavior, or a readiness to act overtly, elicited by a situation. "[50] The exposure was not taken seriously by Palladino's defenders. At his death, the general attitude toward Münsterberg had changed, and his death went relatively unnoticed because of his pro-German attitudes and his support of German policies. When he was 12, his mother died, which marked a major change in the young boy's life, transforming him from a care-free child to a much more serious young man. Münsterberg, H. (1909). Hugo Münsterberg was born into a merchant family in Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland), then a port city in West Prussia. Even if he was later known for his German nationalism, Hugo's family was actually Jewish, a heritage he didn't feel connection with and would barely ever manifest publicly. Hugo Münsterberg on film : the photoplay : ... were still so new that their psychological impact on spectators was not yet fully known. Psychologist Hugo Münsterberg studied at Leipzig under Wilhelm Wundt and received further training in medicine at Heidelberg and Freiburg. There is hardly any doubt that the remarkable success of this modest beginning was dependent upon the admirable personality of the late organizer, who recognized the individual features with unusual tact and acumen. As well as suggesting that women should not be allowed to serve on juries because they were "incapable of rational deliberation".[47]. The man had confessed the crime. Psychology and Industrial Efficiency. It discriminates in the kinds of people and information Hugo Münsterberg lets enter his heart and mind. In 1889, he was promoted to assistant professorship and attended the First International Congress of psychology where he met William James. In Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913) Münsterberg addressed many different topics that are very important to the current field of industrial psychology. [14] Münsterberg believed that as we prepare to act we consciously experience this bodily preparedness and mistakenly interpret it with the will to act a certain way. 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